Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning
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Next-Generation Technologies & Secure Development
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Regulation
Regulators Question Whether Google Compensates Publishers for Auto Summaries

Google faces a fresh probe into its competitive practices after the European Union said it will investigate the search engine giant’s propensity to convert web content into fuel for its artificial intelligence models.
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The probe will investigate whether AI-powered search result summaries placed at the top of the result page is based on scanning publishers’ content without compensation. Publishers may have no choice but to allow Google to summarize their content, the commission said, out of fear of being cut off from the search engine.
It will also look at whether Google uses videos uploaded to YouTube to train generative models – again without compensation or real consent. The commission also noted that while Google can access YouTube libraries to train AI, it blocks rival developers from doing so.
“We are investigating whether Google may have imposed unfair terms and conditions on publishers and content creators, while placing rival AI model developers at a disadvantage, in breach of EU competition rules,” said Teresa Ribera, the commission’s top competition policy official.
The commission said the investigation is a “matter of priority,” and will seek to understand if Google is “granting itself privileged access to such contents.” One estimate – put forward by Cloudflare CEO Matthew Prince – is that Google’s search crawler is able to give the company access to several times greater portions of the internet than what rivals OpenAI or Anthropic can access. Prince said data shows Google sees 3.2 times more pages than OpenAI and 4.8 times more pages than Anthropic.
A Google spokesperson said the probe risks stifling innovation. “Europeans deserve to benefit from the latest technologies and we will continue to work closely with the news and creative industries as they transition to the AI era.”
The European Publishers Council, a trade association of media firms, said it welcomed the probe. “AI Overviews increasingly substitute for original journalism rather than directing users to it, reducing traffic to publishers’ websites and weakening licensing markets recognized under EU copyright law,” it said. The association earlier this year urged the commission in a memo to investigate the AI summaries appearing on Google search result pages.
The commission in September levied a nearly 3 billion euro fine against Google for anti-competitive behavior in its online display advertising business in a decision that called for Google to alter its business practices – and not the company break up that Ribera had earlier supported. Google has said it will appeal the fine.
The probe’s AI probe announcement is also the latest instance of increased EU scrutiny into the foundation models market. The commission on Wednesday launched an antitrust investigation into Meta after the company in October rolled out a policy preventing AI rivals from offering services through WhatsApp.
The European tech giant regulation has incited ire across the Atlantic in the Trump administration. The U.S. president in August threatened additional tariffs and export regulations on companies that “attack our incredible American Tech Companies.” A Friday fine of 120 million euros against social media network X for deceptive practices and lack of transparency caused Andrew Puzder, Trump’s ambassador to the EU, to muse whether Europe is selectively enforcing regulations against American companies. “If you’re an American company, you’ve got to sit back and say, ‘Look, am I being targeted here?'” he said.
With reporting by Information Security Media Group’s David Perera in Northern Virginia.
