Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning
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Next-Generation Technologies & Secure Development
Operation Gatekeeper Targets Illegal Export of Nvidia Processors to China

An alleged smuggling ring illegally sold at least $160 million in advanced Nvidia artificial intelligence chips to China, U.S. federal prosecutors said Monday while announcing charges against found individuals. A Houston business owner pleaded guilty to charges of smuggling and unlawful export activities.
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Alan Hao Hsu, also known as Haochun Hsu, 43, admitted to smuggling Nvidia H100 and H200 Tensor Core GPUs between October 2024 and May this year, prosecutors said. Documents associated with the case, including the complaint and Hsu’s guilty plea, are under seal.
Prosecutors said Hsu and his company, Hao Global, falsified shipping documents to conceal the chips’ destinations and received more than $50 million in wire transfers from China to fund the operation.
Hsu faces up to 10 years in prison at his Feb. 18 sentencing. Hao Global faces penalties of twice the gross gain from the offense. Hao and his company were implicated as part of a federal crackdown on chip smuggling dubbed Operation Gatekeeper.
The processors are high-speed GPUs used for AI applications and high-performance computing. The H200 is Nvidia’s second most powerful chip, used to process massive data volumes for generative AI and large language models that are used in civilian and military applications.
The chips have been subject to export restrictions that intensified during the Biden administration but are being relaxed under the presidency of Donald Trump – who on Monday said he approved the sale of H200 chips to China by Nvidia, so long as the chipmaker diverts 25% of the proceeds to the Department of Treasury. Trump in July paved the way for Nvidia to sell less powerful H20 chips to China (see: Trump Lifts Nvidia Chip Restrictions to China, Raising Concerns).
Official Beijing policy announced by the Cyberspace Administration of China in September is for Chinese companies eschewing Nvidia chips in favor of domestic semiconductors, the Financial Times reported. But U.S.-China experts told a congressional panel earlier this month that the Chinese military is reliant on U.S.-made chips and supports smuggling operations to obtain them.
Federal agents also arrested two additional suspects as part of Operation Gatekeeper. Police on Nov. 28 arrested Benlin Yuan, a Canadian citizen and CEO of a Sterling, Virginia-based IT services company that is a U.S. subsidiary of a Beijing firm, on charges of conspiring to violate export controls.
Fanyue Gong, a Chinese citizen who owns a New York technology company, was arrested Dec. 3 in Brooklyn on charges of conspiring to smuggle goods out of the United States.
Gong and co-conspirators allegedly obtained Nvidia GPUs through straw purchasers and intermediaries, falsely stating the chips were for U.S. customers or countries not requiring export licenses. The processors were shipped to multiple U.S. warehouses where workers removed Nvidia labels and relabeled the GPUs with the name “Sandkyan,” a fake company. Shipping paperwork allegedly misclassified the chips as generic computer parts before co-conspirators shipped them to China and Hong Kong.
Yuan allegedly recruited and organized individuals to inspect the mislabeled GPUs for a Hong Kong logistics company and directed inspectors not to disclose the goods were destined for China. When federal authorities detained one shipment, Yuan allegedly helped craft false information his company could provide to secure the equipment’s release. Yuan also allegedly participated in discussions about providing misleading information to investigators about the ultimate customer.
Both Yuan and Gong conspired with employees of a Hong Kong logistics company and a China-based AI technology company.
Yuan faces up to 20 years in prison and a $1 million fine if convicted. Gong faces up to 10 years if convicted. Both are in custody. Hsu was permitted to remain free on bond until sentencing.
“The country that controls these chips will control AI technology; the country that controls AI technology will control the future,” said U.S. Attorney Nicholas Ganjei for the Southern District of Texas.
