General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
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Standards, Regulations & Compliance
Irish DPC Imposes a Fine for GDPR Violations

Chinese short-video app TikTok must pay 530 million euros to the Irish data regulator for non-compliance with European privacy law.
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The nearly $600 million fine stems from TikTok’s storage of European user data on servers in China and failure to disclose data transfers to China from July 2020 through November 2022, violations of the General Data Protection Regulation. The regulation mandates that companies adequately inform their users about transfer of data to a third-party nation, as well as ensure adequate privacy guarantees before data transfer.
The Irish Data Protection Commission also said TikTok gave inaccurate information during its investigation into the company. Despite assertions that TikTok halted data transfers to China, TikTok informed the commission in April that “limited” European user data “had in fact been stored on servers in China.” The order gives TikTok six months to bring its data processing practices into compliance with European law.
“TikTok’s personal data transfers to China infringed the GDPR because TikTok failed to verify, guarantee and demonstrate that the personal data of EEA users, remotely accessed by staff in China, was afforded a level of protection essentially equivalent to that guaranteed within the EU,” DPC Deputy Commissioner Graham Doyle said.
Doyle added that the DPC is considering further regulatory actions against the company. TikTok told regulators it deleted the data discovered on Chinese servers.
After initially moving data to centers located in Singapore and the United States, TikTok since 2023 has said European users data is stored in an enclave hosted in data centers located in Norway, Ireland and the U.S. It has pledged to spend 12 billion euros over a decade to improve data security for European users in an effort dubbed “Project Clover.” Reuters reported Wednesday that TikTok plans to invest 1 billion euros to build a data center in Finland.
TikTok did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
Irish regulators in 2023 fined TikTok 345 million euros for allowing young users to set up accounts that were visible by default to the public and for allowing child user accounts to be paired with unverified non-child users (see: TikTok Fined 345 Million Euros by Irish Privacy Watchdog).
The U.K. data regulatory agency also fined the company 12.7 million pounds for failing to protect children’s privacy (see: TikTok Fined in UK for Children’s Privacy Violation).
The firm’s Chinese ownership – its parent company is Beijing-based ByteDance – has provoked backlash across Europe and North America and led to governments banning its use on official devices.
The U.S. Congress in 2024 passed a law banning TikTok in the United States over national security concerns that TikTok’s China-based parent company ByteDance could be collecting Americans’ personal data. The Trump administration has delayed enforcement, extending until June 19 a deadline for ByteDance to divest the app.