Data Privacy
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Data Security
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Geo Focus: The United Kingdom
Fine Imposed for Failing to Protect Genetic Data in the United Kingdom

The British data regulator imposed a 2.31 million-pound fine against bankrupt genetics research firm 23andMe for “serious” privacy violations tied to the company’s 2023 hack and data leak.
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The fine, worth $3.1 million, is the outcome of an investigation led by the U.K. Information Commissioner’s Office and the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada. The agencies began their probe in 2024 after hackers breached the California company to access the personal details of 7 million 23andMe customers in the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada. The attackers sold the data on underground forums.
The breach impacted 155,592 individuals in the U.K., the ICO said. Exposed data included birth years, location data, profile images, race, ethnicity, and health reports.
“This was a profoundly damaging breach that exposed sensitive personal information, family histories, and even health conditions of thousands of people in the UK,” said John Edwards, U.K. Information Commissioner. “As one of those impacted told us: once this information is out there, it cannot be changed or reissued like a password or credit card number.”
Investigators found “serious” lapses, with 23andMe failing to enable multifactor authentication and inadequate password security policies. The company also did not have appropriate mechanisms to detect and respond to a potential data breach.
It took 23andMe four days to disable user sessions and initiate a password reset, and nearly a month for the company to disable its DNA data downloading feature, the investigation found.
23andMe requested the ICO not impose any fine, citing its bankruptcy, the ICO still proceeded to impose a fine of 2.31 million pounds based on the company’s annual turnover. The Canadian regulator did not impose any additional fines.
Two companies, biotech firm Regeneron Pharmaceuticals and the non-profit TTAM Research Institute, came forward to procure 23andMe. The bankrupt company said Friday it entered into a definitive agreement with TTAM for the sale of substantially all of the company’s assets. The CEO of TTAM is Anne Wojcicki, who was the co-founder and former CEO of 23andMe (see: 23andMe’s Co-Founder to Buy Company; Makes Privacy Pledge).